6412/2025
www.
inf
o
rmacjain
s
tal
.
c
o
m
.
pl
I
n
st
a
l
a
c
j
e
ba
s
e
no
w
e
/
Poo
l
i
n
st
a
ll
a
t
i
on
s
The aim
o
f the
s
tud
y
w
a
s
t
o
determine the
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate in ind
oo
r
s
p
o
rt
s
and recreati
o
nal
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
during lab
o
rat
o
r
y
te
s
t
s
and t
o
c
o
mpare them
w
ith publi
s
hed and predicted value
s
.
The re
s
earch
w
a
s
carried
o
ut f
o
r
a m
o
del
o
f an ind
oo
r
s
w
imming p
oo
l (
w
ater
s
urface area
w
a
s
0
.
6732 m
2
)
.
Water evap
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r an
un
o
ccupied
s
p
o
rt
s
s
w
imming p
oo
l (
w
ater temperature 26
o
C, air temperature 28
o
C, relative air humidit
y
44
%
)
w
a
s
0
.
060
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
and it
w
a
s
35
%
l
ow
er than f
o
r recreati
o
nal 0
.
092
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
(
w
ater temperature 30
o
C, air
temperature 32
o
C, relative air humidit
y
50
%
)
.
F
o
r the
o
ccupied p
oo
l
s
the
s
e value
s
w
ere higher and
w
ere 0
.
099
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
f
o
r the
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l, and 0
.
127
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
f
o
r the recreati
o
nal
.
The
s
e
w
ere the value
s
f
o
r the n
o
minal
o
ccupanc
y
o
f the facilit
y
–
1 per
s
o
n per 9 m
2
.
The relati
o
n
s
hip bet
w
een the inten
s
it
y
level
o
f u
s
e and the
w
ater
evap
o
rati
o
n rate
w
a
s
linear
.
A
n increa
s
e in the u
s
e inten
s
it
y
b
y
1 level re
s
ulted in an average 7
.
6
%
increa
s
e in
w
ater
evap
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
and 4
%
f
o
r recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
.
The c
o
mpari
s
o
n
s
h
ow
ed that the Shah’
s
m
o
del have
the be
s
t fit t
o
e
x
perimental data and i
s
rec
o
mmended f
o
r de
s
igning HV
A
C
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ke
ywo
rd
s
:
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate,
s
w
imming p
oo
l,
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n, e
x
perimental validati
o
n
Celem prac
y
b
y
ł
o
ok
re
ś
lenie
s
z
y
b
ko
ś
ci par
ow
ania
wo
d
y
w
k
r
y
t
y
ch ba
s
enach
s
p
o
rt
owy
ch i re
k
reac
y
jn
y
ch p
o
dc
z
a
s
badań lab
o
rat
o
r
y
jn
y
ch
o
ra
z
p
o
r
ów
nanie jej
z
w
art
o
ś
ciami
o
publi
kow
an
y
mi i
o
blic
z
o
n
y
mi na p
o
d
s
ta
w
ie d
o
s
tępn
y
ch
m
o
deli
.
B
adania pr
z
epr
ow
ad
z
o
n
o
dla m
o
delu
k
r
y
tej pł
yw
alni (p
ow
ier
z
chnia
wo
d
y
0,6732 m²)
.
S
z
y
b
ko
ś
ć par
ow
a-
nia
wo
d
y
dla nieu
ż
y
t
kow
aneg
o
ba
s
enu
s
p
o
rt
ow
eg
o
(temperatura
wo
d
y
26
o
C, temperatura p
ow
ietr
z
a 28
o
C,
w
ilg
o
t-
n
o
ś
ć
w
z
ględna p
ow
ietr
z
a 44
%
)
wy
ni
o
s
ła 0,060
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
i b
y
ła
o
35
%
ni
ż
s
z
a ni
ż
dla ba
s
enu re
k
reac
y
jneg
o
0,092
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
(temperatura
wo
d
y
30
o
C, temperatura p
ow
ietr
z
a 32
o
C,
w
ilg
o
tn
o
ś
ć
w
z
ględna p
ow
ietr
z
a 50
%
)
.
D
la ba
s
en
ów
u
ż
y
t
kow
an
y
ch
w
art
o
ś
ci te b
y
ł
y
wy
ż
s
z
e i
wy
n
o
s
ił
y
0,099
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
dla ba
s
enu
s
p
o
rt
ow
eg
o
o
ra
z
0,127
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
dla ba
s
enu re
k
reac
y
jneg
o.
B
y
ł
y
t
o
w
art
o
ś
ci dla n
o
minalneg
o
o
bł
o
ż
enia
o
bie
k
tu
–
1
o
s
o
ba na 9 m²
.
Z
ale
ż
n
o
ś
ć międ
z
y
p
o
z
i
o
mem inten
s
yw
n
o
ś
ci u
ż
y
t
kow
ania a
s
z
y
b
ko
ś
cią par
ow
ania
wo
d
y
b
y
ła lini
ow
a
.
W
z
r
o
s
t inten-
s
yw
n
o
ś
ci u
ż
y
t
kow
ania
o
1 p
o
z
i
o
m p
owo
d
ow
ał
ś
redni
o
7,6
%
w
z
r
o
s
t
s
z
y
b
ko
ś
ci par
ow
ania
wo
d
y
w
ba
s
enach
s
p
o
r-
t
owy
ch i 4
%
w
ba
s
enach re
k
reac
y
jn
y
ch
.
P
o
r
ów
nanie
wyk
a
z
ał
o
,
ż
e m
o
dele Shaha dał
y
najlep
s
z
e d
o
pa
s
ow
anie d
o
wy
ni
ków
badań i m
o
gą b
y
ć
wyko
r
z
y
s
t
yw
ane
w
pr
o
je
k
t
ow
niu
s
y
s
tem
ów
HV
A
C
Sł
ow
a
k
luc
z
ow
e
:
s
trumień par
ow
ania
wo
d
y
, ba
s
en pł
yw
ac
k
i, par
ow
anie
wo
d
y
,
w
alidacja e
k
s
per
y
mentalna
dr in
ż
.
I
l
o
na
R
z
e
ź
ni
k
http
s
:
//
o
rcid
.o
rg/0009-0009-7773-9704, dr in
ż
.
W
o
jciech
R
z
e
ź
ni
k
http
s
:
//
o
rcid
.o
rg/0000-0002-2325-5845
‒
I
n
s
titute
o
f
E
nvir
o
nmental
E
ngineering and
B
uilding
I
n
s
tallati
o
n
s
, P
o
z
nan Univer
s
it
y
o
f Techn
o
l
o
g
y
, P
o
z
nań, P
o
land; il
o
na
.
r
z
e
z
ni
k@
put
.
p
o
z
nan
.
pl
C
o
rre
s
p
o
ndence
:
wo
jciech
.
r
z
e
z
ni
k@
put
.
p
o
z
nan
.
pl; Tel
.:
+
48 61 665 24 38
E
x
pe
ri
me
n
t
a
l
mea
s
u
r
eme
n
ts
of
w
a
t
e
r
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
i
on
r
a
t
e
i
n
i
n
d
oo
r
sw
i
mm
i
n
g
p
oo
l
s
E
ks
pe
r
y
me
n
t
a
l
n
e
p
o
m
i
a
r
y s
z
y
b
k
o
śc
i
pa
r
o
w
a
n
i
a
w
o
d
y
w k
r
ytyc
h
ba
s
e
n
a
c
h
p
ływ
a
ck
i
c
h
I
L
O
N
A
R
Z
E
Ź
N
I
K, W
O
JC
I
E
CH
R
Z
E
Ź
N
I
K
DO
I 10
.
36119/15
.
2025
.
12
.
11
I
n
t
r
o
d
u
ct
i
on
The
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n i
s
a
s
imultane
o
u
s
pr
o
ce
ss
o
f heat and ma
ss
e
x
change that
o
c-
cur
s
in man
y
place
s
.
F
ir
s
t, it ha
s
a
s
ignificant
impact
o
n
s
haping the
w
eather,
w
hich ma
k
e
s
it an imp
o
rtant fact
o
r influencing man
y
pr
o
-
ce
ss
e
s
[
15
].
I
t ta
k
e
s
place b
o
th in the e
x
ternal
and internal envir
o
nment,
w
hich directl
y
af-
fect
s
agriculture, h
y
dr
o
l
o
g
y
,
o
utd
oo
r
s
w
im-
ming p
oo
l
s
, c
oo
ling p
o
nd
s
,
w
ater re
s
erv
o
ir
s
,
w
ater purificati
o
n and it
s
hape
s
the micr
o
cli-
mate in cl
o
s
ed r
oo
m
s
, e
.
g
.
dr
y
ing r
oo
m
s
,
pr
o
ducti
o
n hall
s
, ind
oo
r
s
p
o
rt
s
and recre-
ati
o
nal
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
,
s
p
o
rt
s
and enter-
tainment hall
s
and g
y
m
s
, etc
.
[
19,20
].
1
The evap
o
rati
o
n rate depend
s
o
n the
pr
o
pertie
s
o
f the liquid and envir
o
nmental
c
o
nditi
o
n
s
s
uch a
s
temperature,
w
ind vel
o
cit
y
,
air humidit
y
and turbulence
[
20
].
S
o
man
y
fact
o
r
s
ma
k
e difficult t
o
m
o
del the phen
o
me-
n
o
n in the e
x
ternal c
o
nditi
o
n
s
, becau
s
e m
o
s
t
o
f the
s
e parameter
s
are characteri
z
ed b
y
high
variabilit
y
and the
y
are independent
o
f hu-
man
s
.
I
n the ca
s
e
o
f ind
oo
r
s
pace
s
, the
s
e pa-
rameter
s
s
h
o
uld be c
o
ntr
o
lled and
k
ept at the
a
ss
umed level,
w
hat reduce
s
the d
y
namic
s
o
f
change
s
.
B
o
th ind
oo
r and
o
utd
oo
r c
o
nditi
o
n
s
,
heat tran
s
fer ta
k
e
s
place b
y
c
o
nvecti
o
n,
w
hich
can be natural
o
r f
o
rced
.
The t
y
pe
o
f c
o
nvec-
ti
o
n mainl
y
depend
s
o
n air vel
o
cit
y.
O
ver 0
.
15
m·
s
-
,
w
e are dealing
w
ith f
o
rced c
o
nvecti
o
n
[
29
].
Such c
o
nditi
o
n
s
o
ccur in
o
utd
oo
r
s
w
im-
ming p
oo
l
s
and
w
ater re
s
erv
o
ir
s
.
The phen
o
m-
en
o
n
o
f natural c
o
nvecti
o
n ta
k
e
s
place bel
ow
thi
s
air vel
o
cit
y
, e
.
g
.
in ind
oo
r
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
and
w
ellne
ss
center
s
.
I
n practice, there are
b
o
th t
y
pe
s
o
f c
o
nvecti
o
n in ind
oo
r
s
w
imming
p
oo
l
s
.
F
o
rced c
o
nvecti
o
n pred
o
minate
s
near
ventilati
o
n
s
y
s
tem
s
, and in place
w
here air i
s
in
c
o
ntact
w
ith the
w
ater
s
urface the airfl
ow
i
s
cau
s
ed b
y
natural c
o
nvecti
o
n
[
6,28
].
H
ow
-
ever, during m
o
delling f
o
r
s
implicit
y
m
o
s
t
o
f-
ten, it i
s
a
ss
umed that the air vel
o
cit
y
in the
w
h
o
le v
o
lume
o
f the
o
bject i
s
the
s
ame
.
E
vap
o
rati
o
n i
s
ver
y
energ
y
-inten
s
ive and
it affect
s
b
o
th the
w
ater the air
s
ide
s
o
f the
b
o
undar
y
la
y
er al
o
ng the
w
ater
s
urface
.
www.
inf
o
rmacjain
s
tal
.
c
o
m
.
pl
12/202565
I
n
st
a
l
a
c
j
e
ba
s
e
now
e
·
w
O
n the
w
ater
s
ide, evap
o
rati
o
n c
oo
l
s
the
w
ater in p
oo
l,
w
hile
o
n the air
s
ide, evap
o
ra-
ti
o
n c
o
ntribute
s
t
o
high ind
oo
r relative humid-
it
y
,
w
hich mu
s
t be c
o
ntr
o
lled t
o
pr
o
vide a
s
afe ind
oo
r climate f
o
r b
o
th the building
and it
s
u
s
er
s
[
8,9,30
].
The
w
ater temperature
and temperature, humidit
y
and vel
o
cit
y
o
f
the air in
s
w
imming p
oo
l hall
s
mu
s
t be
k
ept
w
ithin the range
s
that d
o
n
o
t cau
s
e di
s
c
o
m-
f
o
rt
o
f u
s
er
s
.
T
o
o
btain the
o
ptimal humidit
y
, it
i
s
nece
ss
ar
y
t
o
equipped building
w
ith an
HV
A
C
s
y
s
tem, that create
s
and regulate
s
ideal thermal c
o
mf
o
rt in the r
oo
m
[
1,11,21,23,35
].
The m
o
s
t imp
o
rtant part in
s
w
imming
p
oo
l building
s
i
s
the p
oo
l pan,
w
hich i
s
the
main
s
o
urce
o
f heat and m
o
i
s
ture
.
O
ther
s
o
urce
s
o
f heat include lighting, radiat
o
r
s
,
pe
o
ple, heat penetrating thr
o
ugh the build-
ing
w
all
s
and
s
o
lar radiati
o
n
.
S
o
urce
s
o
f
m
o
i
s
ture be
s
ide
s
the
w
ater
s
urface are
w
et
fl
oo
r
s
urface, pe
o
ple and
w
ater attracti
o
n
s
[
10, 18
].
O
ver 50
%
o
f t
o
tal heat l
o
ss
e
s
fr
o
m
the free
w
ater
s
urface i
s
cau
s
ed b
y
w
ater
evap
o
rati
o
n
[
24
].
A
s
much a
s
60
%
o
f the
t
o
tal heat c
o
n
s
umpti
o
n in thi
s
t
y
pe
o
f build-
ing
s
i
s
u
s
ed f
o
r air-c
o
nditi
o
ning
s
y
s
tem
s
[
6
].
The m
o
s
t difficult i
s
t
o
maintain the appr
o
pri-
ate humidit
y
o
f the air
.
T
oo
high cau
s
e
s
the
feeling
o
f breathle
ss
ne
ss
am
o
ng u
s
er
s
and
inten
s
ifie
s
the phen
o
men
o
n
o
f f
o
gging
o
f
w
ind
ow
s
, c
o
rr
o
s
i
o
n
o
f building
s
, a
s
w
ell a
s
the f
o
rmati
o
n
o
f fungi and m
o
ld
.
O
n the
o
ther
hand, an
o
ver
s
i
z
ed HV
A
C
s
y
s
tem increa
s
e
s
inve
s
tment and
o
perating c
o
s
t
s
and it can
entail
o
ccupant
s
t
o
feel c
o
ld
.
A
dditi
o
nal fact
o
r
s
determining the inten-
s
it
y
o
f
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n fr
o
m
s
w
imming
p
oo
l
s
are the
s
ea
s
o
nal and dail
y
variabilit
y
o
f the u
s
er’
s
number
.
Theref
o
re the te
s
t
s
have
been carried
o
ut f
o
r
o
ccupied (
o
pen f
o
r u
s
-
er
s
) and un
o
ccupied (cl
o
s
ed f
o
r u
s
er
s
)
s
w
im-
ming p
oo
l
s
.
The different level
s
o
f u
s
er’
s
activ-it
y
are u
s
uall
y
e
x
pre
ss
ed b
y
the
number
o
f u
s
er
s
per 1 m
2
o
f
w
ater
s
urface,
during te
s
t
s
in real c
o
nditi
o
n
s
.
I
n lab
o
rat
o
r
y
s
cale, activit
y
level
s
are a
ss
o
ciated
w
ith
w
ater agitati
o
n
.
The activit
y
level i
s
defined
o
n a
s
cale e
.
g
.
, fr
o
m 1 t
o
3, in
s
tep
s
o
f
0
.
5,
w
here 1 repre-
s
ent
s
recreati
o
nal ea
s
y
s
w
imming and 3 i
s
high activit
y
w
ith
s
pla
s
hing and
w
ave
s
[
30
].
C
o
n
s
idering the
micr
o
climate in the
s
w
im-ming p
oo
l hall
s
(air and
w
ater temperature), the
s
w
imming
p
oo
l
s
w
ere divided int
o
s
p
o
rt
s
and
recreati
o
nal
o
ne
s
.
The
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate (g ) fr
o
m
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
ha
s
been
o
btained in man
y
s
tudie
s
c
o
nducted, b
o
th in lab
o
rat
o
r
y
[
22
]
and real c
o
nditi
o
n
s
[
7,31
].
The re
s
ult
s
o
f the
s
e
s
tudie
s
let devel
o
p predicti
o
n m
o
del
s
ta
k
ing
int
o
acc
o
unt
w
ater temperature, air tempera-
ture and humidit
y
, t
y
pe
o
f p
oo
l (ind
oo
r/
o
ut-
d
oo
r),
w
a
y
o
f u
s
e (
s
p
o
rt
s
/recreati
o
nal) and
w
w
(1)
(2)
w
w
w
s
inten
s
it
y
o
f u
s
e (
o
ccupied/unc
o
pied/activi-The e
x
perimental
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
t
y
)
.
H
ow
ever, there i
s
n
o
c
o
n
s
en
s
u
s
am
o
ng
w
a
s
calculated acc
o
rding t
o
E
quati
o
n (3)
:
re
s
earcher
s
a
s
t
o
h
ow
it i
s
calculated
.
M
o
re-
o
th
v
e
e
i
r
n
,
t
t
e
h
n
e
s
i
p
t
y
r
o
o
b
f
le
u
m
s
e
i
s
o
t
n
o
w
e
a
s
t
t
i
e
m
r
a
v
te
ap
th
o
e
ur
im
p
p
r
o
a
d
c
u
t
o
c-
f
(3)
ti
o
n
.
The value
s
o
f
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
s
fr
o
m
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
are nece
ss
ar
y
t
o
de-
P
r
e
v
i
ou
s
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
s
ign HV
A
C
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
.
There are man
y
m
o
del
s
and f
o
rmula
s
t
o
The aim
o
f the
s
tud
y
w
a
s
t
o
determine the predict the
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate, b
o
th ana-
evap
o
rati
o
n rate
o
f
w
ater fr
o
m ind
oo
r
s
p
o
rt
s
l
y
tical and empirical m
o
del
s
, f
o
r un
o
ccupied
and recreati
o
nal
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
during and
o
ccupied
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
.
The equa-
lab
o
rat
o
r
y
te
s
t
s
and t
o
c
o
mpare them
w
ith ti
o
n
s
f
o
r the
o
ccupied facilitie
s
are in Table 1
.
publi
s
hed value
s
and th
o
s
e predicted ac- The m
o
s
t fam
o
u
s
i
s
Carrier’
s
E
quati
o
n (4)
.
c
o
rding t
o
available m
o
del
s
.
The te
s
t
s
w
ere
I
t ba
s
ed
o
n te
s
t
s
in an un
o
ccupied p
oo
l,
carried
o
ut f
o
r the c
o
nditi
o
n
s
prevailing in al
o
ng
w
hich air
w
a
s
bl
ow
n
.
I
t i
s
al
s
o
w
idel
y
s
p
o
rt
s
and recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
, c
o
n
s
idering u
s
ed t
o
calculate evap
o
rati
o
n fr
o
m n
o
n-
the level
o
f
o
ccupati
o
n
.
f
o
rced air p
oo
l
s
b
y
s
ub
s
tituti
o
n int
o
the equa-
ti
o
n
n
=
0
.
M
o
re
o
ver, the 1999
A
SH
RA
E
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
a
n
d
M
e
t
ho
d
s
Handb
ook
[
3
]
rec
o
mmend
s
thi
s
equati
o
n
al
s
o
f
o
r public
o
ccupied p
oo
l
s
w
ith n
o
rmal
W
a
t
e
r
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
i
on
r
a
t
e
activit
y
, a partiall
y
w
et dec
k
and
s
o
me al-
The
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate (
k
g·m
-2
· h
-1
) l
ow
ance f
o
r
s
pla
s
hing
.
E
quati
o
n (5) deter-
depend
s
o
n
w
ater vap
o
r partial pre
ss
ure at mined b
y
D
ienelt
[
12
]
al
s
o
d
o
e
s
n
o
t c
o
n
s
ider
w
ater temperature (p
"
) and
w
ater vap
o
r the c
o
nditi
o
n
s
o
f
w
ater agitati
o
n in the p
oo
l
partial pre
ss
ure at the air temperature (p )
o
r pan cau
s
ed b
y
u
s
er
s
, theref
o
re it all
ow
s
t
o
humidit
y
c
o
ntent in b
o
undar
y
la
y
er at
w
ater calculate the
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
o
nl
y
f
o
r
temperature (
c
"
) and humidit
y
c
o
ntent f
o
r brea
k
and nighttime
.
The temperature (t ) i
s
s
aturated air at p
oo
l hall temperature (
c
)
.
the mean value in the
s
w
imming p
oo
l hall
The
s
e relati
o
n
s
hip
s
are de
s
cribed b
y
D
alt
o
n’
s
and in the b
o
undar
y
la
y
er
.
The
w
ater evap
o
-
la
w
,
E
quati
o
n
s
(1) and (2)
:
rati
o
n rate
s
in the
s
ame c
o
nditi
o
n
s
w
a
s
pub-
li
s
hed b
y
Sprenger and
F
erenc
ow
ic
z
[
13,32
]
,
E
quati
o
n (6,8)
.
E
quati
o
n (9) devel
o
ped b
y
M
alic
k
i
[
17
]
i
s
an e
x
ten
s
i
o
n
o
f the
F
erenc
ow
-
ic
z
f
o
rmula b
y
intr
o
ducing the c
o
efficient (a)
The value
s
(
p
"
), (p ), (
c
"
) and (
c
) de-depending
o
n the air temperature
.
Smith et
pend
o
n the
w
ater temperature and air tem-al
.
[
31
]
s
tudied the
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n fr
o
m
perature and humidit
y.
The (
ε
) and (
s
) arethe calm
w
ater
s
urface
o
f a large ind
oo
r
c
o
efficient
s
that m
o
s
t
o
ften depend
o
n the air
s
w
imming p
oo
l and the
y
c
o
rrelated
w
ater
vel
o
cit
y
, the
w
a
y
the p
oo
l u
s
ing (
s
p
o
rt/recre-evap
o
rati
o
n rate
w
ith air and
w
ater temper-
ati
o
nal)
o
r the u
s
er
s
number
.
ature and air humidit
y
,
E
quati
o
n (10)
.
T
ab
l
e
1
.
E
q
u
a
t
i
on
s
of
w
a
t
e
r
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
i
on
r
a
t
e
fo
r
uno
cc
u
p
i
ed
sw
i
mm
i
n
g
p
oo
l
s
T
abe
l
a
1
.
R
ó
w
n
a
n
i
a
str
u
m
i
e
n
i
a
pa
r
o
w
a
n
i
a
w
o
d
y w
ba
s
e
n
a
c
h
n
i
e
u
ż
ytk
o
w
a
n
yc
h
A
uth
o
r
E
quati
o
nC
o
mment
s
w
Carrier
[
7
]
(4)p
"
, p
w
(hPa)
D
ienelt
[
12
]
(5)
,
Sprenger
[
32
]
(6)
w
B
ia
s
in and Krumme
[
5
]
(7)p
"
, p
w
(hPa)
w
F
erenc
ow
ic
z
[
13
]
(8)p
"
, p
w
, p
b
(mmHg)
ws
ws
"
a
=
0
.
022; t
<
30°C
M
alic
k
i
[
17
]
(9)a
=
0
.
028; t
<
40°C
p
w
, p
w
, p
b
(mmHg)
w
Smith
[
31
]
(10)p
"
, p
w
(hPa)
b
5
"
w
V
D
I
2089
[
34
]
(11)
p
w
, p
=
(h
P
a)
Shah
[
25,27
]
(12)
67
www.
inf
o
rmacjain
s
tal
.
c
o
m
.
pl
12/2025
I
n
st
a
l
a
c
j
e
ba
s
e
now
e
The dimen
s
i
o
n
s
w
ere
w
ithin the range
s
rec-
o
mmended b
y
Shah
[
29
].
The air
s
upplied t
o
the p
oo
l chamber
w
a
s
initiall
y
dried (ventila-
ti
o
n unit) and heated (duct heater)
.
Thi
s
helped t
o
c
o
ntr
o
l the temperature and humid-
it
y
at the a
ss
umed level
s
.
The
w
ater in the
p
oo
l pan
w
ere heated b
y
a fl
ow
heater
w
ith
a therm
o
s
tat
.
The
s
tati
o
n
w
a
s
equipped
w
ith a
s
prin
k
ler
s
y
s
tem (
F
igure 2) t
o
s
imulate inten
s
it
y
o
f u
s
e
in the
s
w
imming p
oo
l hall
.
F
o
r thi
s
purp
o
s
e, 6
n
o
zz
le
s
w
ith adju
s
table directi
o
n
w
ere in-
s
talled
.
The temperature
o
f air and
w
ater in
the place
s
s
h
ow
n in
F
igure
s
1 and 2
w
ere
mea
s
ured b
y
14 therm
o
c
o
uple
s
.
Temperature mea
s
urement
s
w
ere regi
s
-
tered b
y
the
O
mega
RD
-
M
V100 rec
o
rder
.
The L
OG
32 TH rec
o
rder
w
a
s
u
s
ed t
o
mea
s
-
ure the relative humidit
y
o
f the air
.
A
ir vel
o
cit
y
mea
s
urement
s
w
ere made at a p
o
int l
o
cated
0
.
3 m ab
o
ve the
w
ater
s
urface in acc
o
rd-
ance
w
ith the rec
o
mmendati
o
n
s
[
24
]
b
y
u
s
-
ing the V
o
ltcraft PL-135H
A
N anem
o
meter
.
The p
oo
l m
o
del
w
a
s
placed
o
n an electr
o
nic
lab
o
rat
o
r
y
s
cale
ME
TTL
E
R
T
O
L
E
D
O
equipped
w
ith an
I
CS425
w
eighing terminal
.
Thi
s
all
ow
ed t
o
determine the ma
ss
o
f evap-
o
rated
w
ater
.
The mea
s
urement uncertaintie
s
o
f the apparatu
s
u
s
ed during the te
s
t
s
are
pre
s
ented in Table 3
.
The err
o
r
s
o
f the
w
ater
evap
o
rati
o
n rate
w
ere calculated u
s
ing the
t
o
tal differential meth
o
d
.
T
ab
l
e
3
.
M
ea
s
u
r
eme
n
ts
un
c
e
rt
a
i
n
t
i
e
s
of
appa
r
a
-
t
u
s
u
s
ed
d
u
ri
n
g
st
u
d
y
T
abe
l
a
3
.
N
i
epe
w
no
śc
i
p
o
m
i
a
r
o
w
e
apa
r
a
t
u
r
y
u
ż
yt
e
j
p
o
d
c
z
a
s
bada
ń
P
a
r
ame
t
e
r
R
a
n
ge
U
n
c
e
rt
a
i
n
t
i
e
s
Water temperature 0-400
o
C
±
0
.
1
o
C
A
ir temperature0-400
o
C
±
0,
.
1
o
C
R
elative humidit
y
0-99
%
±
3
%
A
ir vel
o
cit
y
0
.
1-25
.
0 m·
s
-
1
±
5
%
M
a
ss
0-150
k
g
±
1 g
E
x
pe
ri
me
n
t
a
l
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
e
M
ea
s
urement
s
w
ere made f
o
r the
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l c
o
nditi
o
n
s
.
Water temperature
w
a
s
a
s
-
s
umed at 26°C, and the air temperature
w
a
s
28°C
.
F
o
r recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
, the
s
e param-
eter
s
w
ere 30°C and 32°C, re
s
pectivel
y.
The
difference bet
w
een air and
w
ater tempera-
ture i
s
in the range rec
o
mmended b
y
A
s
-
drubali
[
2
].
R
elative air humidit
y
ranged fr
o
m
40
%
t
o
55
%
in acc
o
rdance
w
ith the guide-
line
s
f
o
r
s
w
imming p
oo
l hall
s
[
2,24
].
The air
vel
o
cit
y
ab
o
ve the
w
ater
s
urface remained
c
o
n
s
tant at 0
.
1 m·
s
-1
and it
w
a
s
t
y
pical f
o
r
the
s
e e
x
periment
s
[
2
].
D
uring 14 three-h
o
ur mea
s
urement
s
e
s
-
s
i
o
n
s
the micr
o
climate parameter
s
and the
ma
ss
o
f the p
oo
l
w
ere m
o
nit
o
red
.
The re-
s
earch
w
a
s
carried
o
ut f
o
r un
o
ccupied and
o
ccupied
s
w
imming p
oo
l
.
The inten
s
it
y
level
o
f u
s
e i
s
c
o
nnected t
o
the m
o
vement
o
f the
w
ater
s
urface
[
30
]
,
w
hat let t
o
s
imulate the
u
s
er
s
number and activit
y.
The inten
s
it
y
o
f u
s
e
w
a
s
a
ss
umed fr
o
m 1 t
o
6 in
s
tep
s
o
f 1
.
I
t
w
a
s
cl
o
s
el
y
related t
o
the number
o
f
o
perating
n
o
zz
le
s
.
I
t
w
a
s
a
ss
umed that the ma
x
imum
inten
s
it
y
o
f u
s
e at level 6 c
o
rre
s
p
o
nded t
o
1
per
s
o
n per 9 m
2
, and the minimum 1 i
s
1
per
s
o
n per 54 m
2
.
A
n increa
s
e in the inten-
s
it
y
o
f u
s
e b
y
1 level mean
s
a decrea
s
e in the
area per per
s
o
n b
y
9 m
2
(Table 4)
.
M
o
re-
o
ver, it
w
a
s
a
ss
umed that the di
s
tributi
o
n
o
f
u
s
er
s
i
s
h
o
m
o
gene
o
u
s
in p
oo
l pan
.
T
ab
l
e
4
.
I
n
t
e
n
s
i
ty
l
e
v
e
l
of
u
s
e
T
abe
l
a
4
.
I
n
t
e
n
syw
no
ść
p
o
z
i
o
m
ó
w
u
ż
ytk
o
w
a
n
i
a
of
u
s
e
I
n
t
e
n
s
i
ty
l
e
v
e
l
L
1
L
2
L
3
L
4
L
5
L
6
[
m
2
-
1
·pe
s
r
o
n
]
A
rea per 1 per
s
o
n
54 45 36 27 189
B
a
s
ed
o
n e
x
perimental data, the ma
ss
fl
ow
rate
o
f evap
o
rated
w
ater
w
a
s
deter-
mined,
w
hich
w
a
s
equal t
o
the
s
l
o
pe
o
f linear
regre
ss
i
o
n m
o
del
.
The calculated value
s
o
f
the
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
w
ere c
o
mpared
w
ith the value
s
determined b
y
u
s
ing pub-
li
s
hed predicti
o
n f
o
rmula
s
.
R
e
s
u
l
ts
a
n
d
d
i
sc
u
ss
i
on
W
a
t
e
r
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
i
on
r
a
t
e
fo
r
uno
cc
u
p
i
ed
sw
i
mm
i
n
g
p
oo
l
The
F
igure 3
s
h
ow
s
the di
s
tributi
o
n
o
f
w
ater ma
ss
l
o
ss
during the te
s
t
s
and the be
s
t
fit line f
o
r un
o
ccupied
s
p
o
rt
s
and recreati
o
nal
p
oo
l
s
.
D
uring the mea
s
urement
s
f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
, the average
w
ater temperature
w
a
s
26
.
00
±
0
.
16°C, and the air temperature
w
a
s
28
.
26
±
0
.
19°C
w
ith a relative humidit
y
o
f 44
.
00
±
1
.
69
%
.
The
s
e value
s
f
o
r recre-
ati
o
nal
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
w
ere re
s
pectivel
y
29
.
74
±
0
.
03°C, 31
.
84
±
0
.
31°C and 49
.
71
±
2
.
31
%
.
The l
ow
value
s
o
f
s
tandard devia-
ti
o
n indicate the
s
tabilit
y
o
f the micr
o
climate
parameter
s
during mea
s
urement
s
.
.
The ma
ss
fl
ow
rate
o
f evap
o
rated
w
ater f
o
r
the
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
w
a
s
0
.
04
k
g·h
-1
and it
w
a
s
35
%
l
ow
er than f
o
r recreati
o
nal 0
.
062
k
g·h
-1
T
o
c
o
mpare the re
s
ult
s
o
f thi
s
wo
r
k
, the
s
e val-
1
1
1
.
1
1
.
ue
s
w
ere related t
o
1 m
2
o
f
w
ater
s
urface and
the
y
w
ere equal t
o
0
.
060
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
and
0
.
092
k
g·m
-2
·h
-
, re
s
pectivel
y.
Ver
y
l
ow
val-
ue
s
o
f
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
w
ere
o
btained
b
y
Tur
z
a and
F
üri
[
33
].
D
uring lab
o
rat
o
r
y
te
s
t
s
o
n un
o
ccupied
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l m
o
del, the
y
re-
c
o
rded value
s
o
f 0
.
009
k
g·m
-2
·h
-
, f
o
r the air
vel
o
cit
y
o
f 0
.
1 m·
s
-
.
Lab
o
rat
o
r
y
s
tudie
s
w
ere
al
s
o
made b
y
P
oó
s
and Varju
[
20
].
The
y
s
imu-
lated the c
o
nditi
o
n
s
o
f
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
in the air
tunnel and the
y
o
btained
o
f 0
.
28
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
The higher value ma
y
be due t
o
a bigger air
vel
o
cit
y
o
f 0
.
52 m·
s
-
.
B
lá
z
que
z
et al
.
[
6
]
mea
s
ured ma
ss
fl
ow
rate
o
f evap
o
rated
w
a-
ter in lab
o
rat
o
r
y
s
cale
.
The
w
ater and air
temperature, air vel
o
cit
y
w
ere at the
s
ame
level a
s
during thi
s
s
tud
y.
The
y
n
o
ted 0
.
236
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
f
o
r the
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l, and 0
.
314
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
f
o
r the recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
.
I
n
s
itu
mea
s
urement
s
w
ere carried
o
ut b
y
Smede-
gård et al
.
[
30
].
The mea
s
urement
s
w
ere
made in t
wo
100 m
2
recreati
o
nal
s
w
imming
p
oo
l
s
.
The
y
o
btained
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n
rate
s
equal t
o
0
.
17
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
and 0
.
25
k
g·m
-2
·h
-
.
The
s
e higher value
s
ma
y
re
s
ult
fr
o
m the
w
ater temperature,
w
hich
w
a
s
1°C
t
o
3°C higher than in thi
s
s
tud
y.
M
o
re
o
ver,
the air temperature
w
a
s
l
ow
er than tempera-
ture
o
f
w
ater
.
Ciuman and Lip
s
k
a
[
10
]
, dur-
ing re
s
earch in an un
o
ccupied
s
ch
oo
l
s
w
im-
ming p
oo
l,
o
btained value
s
l
ow
er than the
re
s
ult
s
o
f thi
s
s
tud
y:
0
.
027
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
The
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
s
o
btained in
thi
s
s
tud
y
are
w
ithin the
w
idel
y
range
o
f pub-
li
s
hed value
s
.
I
t
s
h
o
uld be n
o
ted that the
previ
o
u
s
s
tudie
s
w
ere made in different mea-
s
urement c
o
nditi
o
n
s
,
s
o
c
o
mparing them
w
ith
each
o
ther i
s
difficult due t
o
difference in mi-
cr
o
climate parameter
s
, the
s
cale
o
f re
s
earch,
the t
y
pe and c
o
n
s
tructi
o
n
o
f
s
tudied build-
ing
s
, the a
ss
umpti
o
n
s
and
s
implificati
o
n
s
made during the re
s
earch, etc
.
The
o
btained value
o
f
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n
rate ma
y
be al
s
o
c
o
mpared
w
ith the pre-
dicted value
s
.
There are man
y
publi
s
hed
predicti
o
n m
o
del
s
,
w
hich ma
k
e it p
o
ss
ible t
o
calculate
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r given
parameter
s
.
B
a
s
ed
o
n the re
s
ult
s
o
f thi
s
wo
r
k
,
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
M
a
ss
of
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
ed
w
a
t
e
r
fo
r
uno
cc
u
p
i
ed
s
p
o
rts
a
n
d
r
e
cr
ea
t
i
o
-
n
a
l
sw
i
mm
i
n
g
p
oo
l
Rys
un
e
k 3
.
M
a
s
a
o
dpa
r
o
w
a
n
e
j
w
o
d
y
d
l
a
n
i
e
u
ż
ytk
o
w
a
n
e
-
g
o
ba
s
e
nu
s
p
o
rt
o
w
e
-
g
o
i
r
e
kr
ea
cy
j
n
eg
o
6812/2025
www.
inf
o
rmacjain
s
tal
.
c
o
m
.
pl
I
s
elected
o
f them
w
ere verified
.
The value
s
o
f
the predicted rate
s
f
o
r un
o
ccupied
s
p
o
rt
s
and
recreati
o
nal
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
w
ere deter-
mined the c
o
nditi
o
n
s
prevailing during thi
s
te
s
t (
F
igure 4)
.
The
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r un
o
ccu-
pied
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
determined in thi
s
wo
r
k
w
a
s
the l
ow
e
s
t (0
.
060
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
) c
o
mpared
t
o
the value
s
predicted acc
o
rding t
o
E
qua-
ti
o
n
s
(4-12)
.
The value
s
calculated b
y
u
s
ing
the f
o
rmula
s
pr
o
vided b
y
B
ia
s
in and Krumme
E
quati
o
n (7), V
D
I
2089
E
quati
o
n (11) and
Shah
E
quati
o
n (12) ma
y
be c
o
n
s
idered c
o
m-
parable, alth
o
ugh the
s
e value
s
w
ere higher
than e
x
perimental rate b
y
33
%
, 47
%
and
57
%
, re
s
pectivel
y.
F
o
r
o
ther m
o
del
s
E
qua-
ti
o
n
s
(4-6,8-10), the value
s
o
f the predicted
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
s
w
ere much higher
b
y
412-747
%
.
F
o
r recreati
o
nal
s
w
imming
p
oo
l
s
, evap
o
rati
o
n rate
s
cl
o
s
e t
o
the e
x
peri-
mental data (0
.
092
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
)
w
ere deter-
mined acc
o
rding t
o
the meth
o
d
s
o
f
B
ia
s
in
and Krumme
E
quati
o
n (7), V
D
I
2089
E
qua-
ti
o
n (11) and Shah
E
quati
o
n (12)
.
The differ-
ence
s
w
ere
s
maller than f
o
r the
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
.
I
n the ca
s
e
o
f the fir
s
t t
wo
m
o
del
s
, the re
s
ult
o
f
thi
s
wo
r
k
w
a
s
re
s
pectivel
y
9
%
and 2
%
higher
and 4
%
l
ow
er than the value calculated fr
o
m
the Shah m
o
del
[
26
].
The predicted value
s
o
f
the
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate calculated u
s
ing
E
quati
o
n
s
(4-6,8-10)
w
a
s
higher b
y
246-
452
%
than e
x
perimental value
.
Large differ-
ence
s
bet
w
een
the
value
s
calculated
ac-
c
o
rding t
o
the available predictive m
o
del
s
w
ere al
s
o
o
b
s
erved b
y
B
lá
z
que
z
et al
.
[
6
]
and Shah
[
28
].
The e
x
perimental and predicted
w
ater
evap
o
rati
o
n rate
s
s
h
ow
ed high variabilit
y
depending
o
n the t
y
pe
o
f p
oo
l,
s
p
o
rt
s
o
r
recreati
o
nal
.
F
o
r e
x
perimental re
s
ult
s
, the
evap
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
w
a
s
35
%
l
ow
er than f
o
r recreati
o
nal
o
ne
s
.
I
n the ca
s
e
o
f predicted value
s
, the
s
e difference
s
am
o
unt-
ed t
o
s
everal percent, fr
o
m 0
.
3
%
t
o
5
%
.
(r
2
fr
o
m98 t
o
99
%
)
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
M
a
ss
of
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
ed
w
a
t
e
r
fo
r s
p
o
rts
o
cc
u
p
i
ed
sw
i
mm
i
n
g
p
oo
l
(L
1
-
L
6
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
ty
l
e
v
e
l
of
u
s
e
)
Rys
un
e
k 5
.
M
a
s
a
o
dpa
r
o
w
a
n
e
j
w
o
d
y
z
e
s
p
o
rt
o
w
eg
o
u
ż
yt
-
k
o
w
a
n
eg
o
ba
s
e
nu
(L
1
-
L
6
p
o
z
i
o
m
a
ktyw
no
śc
i
)
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
M
a
ss
of
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
ed
w
a
t
e
r
fo
r r
e
cr
ea
t
i
o
-
n
a
l
o
cc
u
p
i
ed
sw
i
m
-
m
i
n
g
p
oo
l
(L
1
-
L
6
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
ty
l
e
v
e
l
of
u
s
e
)
Rys
un
e
k 6
.
M
a
s
a
o
dpa
r
o
w
a
n
e
j
w
o
d
y
d
l
a
u
ż
ytk
o
w
a
n
eg
o
ba
s
e
nu
r
e
kr
ea
cy
j
n
e
-
g
o
(L
1
-
L
6
p
o
z
i
o
m
a
ktyw
no
śc
i
)
M
ea
s
u
r
ed
a
n
d
p
r
e
-
d
i
ct
ed
w
a
t
e
r
e
v
ap
o
-
m
i
n
g
p
oo
l
w
a
n
yc
h
ba
s
e
nó
w
s
p
o
rt
o
wyc
h
i
r
e
kr
e
-
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
B
a
s
ed
o
n the
s
e value
s
, the ma
ss
fl
ow
rate
o
f evap
o
rated
w
ater and the
w
ater evap
o
ra-
r
a
t
i
on
r
a
t
e
fo
r
uno
c
-
ti
o
n rate
w
ere calculated, a
s
s
h
ow
n in Table 5
.
c
u
p
i
ed
s
p
o
rts
a
n
d
I
t al
s
o
c
o
ntain
s
the value
s
o
f the micr
o
climate
r
e
cr
ea
t
i
on
a
l
sw
i
m
-
parameter
s
during the te
s
t
s
.
The determined
Rys
un
e
k 4
.
Z
m
i
e
r
z
o
-
be
s
t fit line
s
are
w
ell fitted
o
f empirical data
n
y
i
p
r
z
e
w
i
d
yw
a
n
y
str
u
m
i
e
ń
pa
r
o
w
a
n
i
a
Change
s
in the ma
ss
o
f evap
o
rated
w
a-
w
o
d
y
d
l
a
n
i
e
u
ż
ytk
o
-
ter f
o
r recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
are pre
s
ented in
F
igure 6
.
A
s
f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
, the determined
a
cy
j
n
yc
h
be
s
t fit line
s
are
w
ell fitted t
o
the e
x
perimental
data (determinati
o
n c
o
efficient r
2
=
99
%
)
.
The value
s
o
f the
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
s
and the mea
s
urement
s
c
o
nditi
o
n
s
are in Ta-
ble 6
.
The
w
ater and air temperature
s
f
o
r all
inten
s
it
y
level
s
o
f u
s
e
w
ere characteri
z
ed b
y
high
s
tabilit
y.
F
o
r relative air humidit
y
, the
difference
s
bet
w
een individual
s
erie
s
w
ere
greater, but thi
s
parameter i
s
m
o
re difficult t
o
W
a
t
e
r
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
i
on
r
a
t
e
c
o
ntr
o
l at the a
ss
umed level
.
fo
r
o
cc
u
p
i
ed
sw
i
mm
i
n
g
p
oo
l
There are
o
nl
y
a fe
w
publi
s
hed
s
tudie
s
The change
s
in the ma
ss
o
f evap
o
rated c
o
ncern the impact
o
f u
s
e inten
s
it
y
o
n the
w
ater
w
ater during the te
s
t
s
f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
f
o
r a
s
- evap
o
rati
o
n rate fr
o
m ind
oo
r p
oo
l
s
.
I
t i
s
quite
s
umed inten
s
it
y
level
s
o
f u
s
e are
s
h
ow
n in ea
s
y
t
o
n
o
te the number
o
f u
s
er
s
in the
s
w
im-
F
igure 5
.
ming p
oo
l hall, but it i
s
difficult t
o
determine
T
ab
l
e
5
.
W
a
t
e
r
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
i
on
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
mea
s
u
r
eme
n
ts c
on
d
i
t
i
on
fo
r
o
cc
u
p
i
ed
s
p
o
rts sw
i
mm
i
n
g
p
oo
l
T
abe
l
a
5
.
S
tr
u
m
i
e
ń
o
dpa
r
o
w
a
n
e
j
w
o
d
y
o
r
a
z
w
a
r
un
k
i
p
o
m
i
a
r
ó
w
d
l
a
u
ż
ytk
o
w
a
n
eg
o
ba
s
e
nu
s
p
o
r
-
t
o
w
eg
o
t
t
φ
%
]
·
m
·
g
w
a
ww
I
nten
s
it
y
level
o
f u
s
e
[
o
C
][
o
C
][
a
[k
g
·
h
-1
][k
g
·
m
-2
·
h
-1
]
L1 26
.
11
±
0
.
07 28
.
27
±
0
.
09 47
.
43
±
0
.
90 0
.
047
±
0
.
002 0
.
059
±
0
.
003
L2 26
.
23
±
0
.
08 28
.
25
±
0
.
04 50
.
00
±
0
.
76 0
.
053
±
0
.
002 0
.
070
±
0
.
003
L3 26
.
24
±
0
.
13 28
.
25
±
0
.
11 46
.
14
±
0
.
64 0
.
057
±
0
.
002 0
.
079
±
0
.
003
L4 26
.
18
±
0
.
04 28
.
21
±
0
.
12 49
.
57
±
1
.
40 0
.
059
±
0
.
002 0
.
085
±
0
.
003
L5 26
.
26
±
0
.
08 28
.
18
±
0
.
10 48
.
00
±
0
.
56 0
.
062
±
0
.
002 0
.
088
±
0
.
003
L6 26
.
16
±
0
.
08 28
.
18
±
0
.
12 47
.
29
±
045 0
.
067
±
0
.
002 0
.
092
±
0
.
003
69
www.
inf
o
rmacjain
s
tal
.
c
o
m
.
pl
12/2025
I
n
st
a
l
a
c
j
e
ba
s
e
now
e
1
1
The relati
o
n
s
hip bet
w
een inten
s
it
y
level
o
f
u
s
e and
w
ater eevap
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r recrea-
ti
o
nal and
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
w
a
s
linear
.
Thi
s
i
s
evi-
denced b
y
the high determinati
o
n c
o
efficient
o
f the regre
ss
i
o
n line, 0
.
97 and 0
.
98, re
s
pec-
tivel
y.
A
l
s
o
, the data
o
btained fr
o
m the
B
ia
s
in
and Krumme
E
quati
o
n (16) and Shah
E
qua-
ti
o
n
s
(19-21) m
o
del
s
changed linearl
y
w
ith
w
ell t
o
the calculated rate
s
(r
2
fr
o
m 95
%
t
o
99
%
)
.
The value
o
f the determined ma
ss
fl
ow
-
rate
o
f evap
o
rated
w
ater f
o
r recreati
o
nal
p
oo
l
s
, and thu
s
the
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
s
,
a
s
w
ell a
s
f
o
r un
o
ccupied p
oo
l
s
,
w
ere much
higher than f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
.
D
epending
o
n
the inten
s
it
y
level
o
f u
s
e, thi
s
difference de-
crea
s
ed a
s
the level increa
s
ed fr
o
m 54
%
t
o
27
%
.
(
F
igure 7)
.
H
ow
ever, f
o
r the data calcu-
lated acc
o
rding t
o
E
quati
o
n
s
(16) and (19-
21), the difference in the value
o
f the
w
ater
evap
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
and recreati
o
nal
p
oo
l
s
increa
s
e
s
.
F
o
r
B
ia
s
in and Krumme
E
quati
o
n (16) it
w
a
s
fr
o
m 0 t
o
11
%
, and f
o
r
Shah
E
quati
o
n
s
(19-21) fr
o
m the initial 7
%
t
o
34
%
.
The impact
o
f the inten
s
it
y
level
o
f u
s
e
o
n
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
w
a
s
greater f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
.
A
n increa
s
e in the inten
s
it
y
level
o
f u
s
e b
y
1 level re
s
ulted in an average in-
crea
s
e in
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
o
f ab
o
ut
7
.
6
%
.
F
o
r recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
, thi
s
change
w
a
s
4
%
o
n average
.
I
n the ca
s
e
o
f
w
ater evap
o
-
rati
o
n rate
s
calculated u
s
ing
B
ia
s
in and
Krumme f
o
rmula
E
quati
o
n (16), it
w
a
s
25
%
f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
and 27
%
f
o
r recreati
o
nal
p
oo
l
s
.
F
o
r the re
s
ult
s
determined acc
o
rding t
o
the Shah m
o
del
E
quati
o
n
s
(19-21), it
w
a
s
17
%
and 23
%
, re
s
pectivel
y.
The predicti
o
n
err
o
r calculated fr
o
m the
E
quati
o
n (22) f
o
r the
Shah m
o
del
w
a
s
69
%
f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
and
58
%
f
o
r recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
.
I
n ca
s
e
o
f
B
ia
s
in
and Krumme m
o
del
E
quati
o
n (16), it
w
a
s
higher and it am
o
unted t
o
149
%
and 95
%
,
re
s
pectivel
y.
A
lth
o
ugh the difference
s
be-
t
w
een e
x
perimental and predicted rate
s
w
ere
quite big, it
s
h
o
uld be n
o
ted that the anal
y
s
ed
m
o
del
s
w
ere devel
o
ped in different c
o
ndi-
ti
o
n
s
,
s
o
s
uch err
o
r
s
ma
y
be regarded t
y
pical
.
C
on
c
l
u
s
i
on
s
The re
s
ult
s
o
f thi
s
re
s
earch and anal
y
s
i
s
,
c
o
ncerning
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
s
fr
o
m in-
d
oo
r
s
w
imming p
oo
l, can be pre
s
ented in the
f
o
rm
o
f the f
o
ll
ow
ing c
o
nclu
s
i
o
n
s
:
–
Water evap
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r an un
o
ccupied
s
p
o
rt
s
s
w
imming p
oo
l (
w
ater temperature
26
o
C, air temperature 28
o
C, relative air
humidit
y
44
%
)
w
a
s
0
.
060
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
and
w
a
s
35
%
l
ow
er than f
o
r recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
0
.
092
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
(
w
ater temperature
T
ab
l
e
6
.
W
a
t
e
r
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
i
on
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
mea
s
u
r
eme
n
ts c
on
d
i
t
i
on
fo
r
o
cc
u
p
i
ed
r
e
cr
ea
t
i
on
a
l
sw
i
mm
i
n
g
p
oo
l
T
abe
l
a
6
.
S
t
r
u
m
i
e
ń
o
dpa
r
o
w
a
n
e
j
w
o
d
y
o
r
a
z
w
a
r
un
k
i
p
o
m
i
a
r
ó
w
d
l
a
u
ż
ytk
o
w
a
n
eg
o
ba
s
e
nu
r
e
kr
e
-
a
cy
j
n
eg
o
T
ab
l
e
7
.
M
ea
s
u
r
ed
a
n
d
p
r
ed
i
ct
ed
w
a
t
e
r
e
v
ap
o
-
r
a
t
i
on
r
a
t
e
fo
r
o
cc
u
p
i
ed
s
p
o
rt
a
n
d
r
e
cr
ea
t
i
on
a
l
sw
i
mm
i
n
g
p
oo
l
T
abe
l
a
7
.
Z
m
i
e
r
z
on
y
o
r
a
z
p
r
z
e
w
i
d
z
i
a
n
y str
u
-
m
i
e
ń
o
dpa
r
o
w
a
n
e
j
w
o
d
y
d
l
a
u
ż
ytk
o
w
a
n
yc
h
ba
s
e
nó
w s
p
o
r
t
o
wyc
h
i
r
e
kr
ea
cy
j
n
yc
h
·
·
w
aaww
I
n
t
e
n
s
i
ty
l
e
v
e
l
of
tt
φ
mg
u
s
e
[
o
C][
o
C][%][k
g
·
h
-1
][k
g
·
m
-2
·
h
-1
]
L130
.
04
±
0
.
0331
.
60
±
0
.
2251
.
86
±
0
.
350
.
070
±
0
.
0020
.
104
±
0
.
003
L230
.
11
±
0
.
0432
.
16
±
0
.
4149
.
00
±
0
.
730
.
076
±
0
.
0020
.
113
±
0
.
003
L330
.
15
±
0
.
0531
.
89
±
0
.
2450
.
71
±
1
.
030
.
078
±
0
.
0020
.
116
±
0
.
003
L430
.
05
±
0
.
0532
.
04
±
0
.
2148
.
86
±
0
.
640
.
081
±
0
.
0020
.
120
±
0
.
003
L530
.
04
±
0
.
0531
.
81
±
0
.
2651
.
57
±
0
.
730
.
084
±
0
.
0020
.
125
±
0
.
003
L630
.
14
±
0
.
0432
.
11
±
0
.
2648
.
86
±
0
.
830
.
085
±
0
.
0020
.
126
±
0
.
003
Sp
o
rt
s
R
ecreati
o
nal
·
·
ww
g
E
rr
o
rg
E
rr
o
r
[k
g
·
m
-2
·
h
-1
] [%] [k
g
·
m
-2
·
h
-1
] [%]
Krumme
M
ea
s
urement0
.
0990
.
127
Sprenger0
.
209 1110
.
25096
Lab
o
hm 0
.
842 751 1
.
008 692
B
e
s
ler 0
.
806 715 0
.
953 649
B
ia
s
i
n
and
0
.
280 183 0
.
310 143
Kappler 0
.
323 226 0
.
386 204
V
D
I
2089 0
.
323 227 0
.
382 201
Shah 0
.
189 91 0
.
253 99
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
.
C
h
a
n
ge
s
i
n
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
Rys
un
e
k 7
.
Z
m
i
a
n
a
str
u
m
i
e
n
i
a
o
dpa
r
o
-
the number
o
f pe
o
ple in the p
oo
l pan, e
s
pe-rati
o
n rate
s
and the percentage err
o
r be-
ciall
y
in recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
.
High temp
o
rar
y
t
w
een them and the e
x
perimental value f
o
r
variabilit
y
o
f the
s
e parameter
s
o
ften ma
k
e
s
ita n
o
minal number
o
f u
s
er
s
.
imp
o
ss
ible t
o
o
b
s
erve it
s
influence
o
n
w
aterSimilarl
y
, t
o
the un
o
ccupied p
oo
l
s
, the
evap
o
rati
o
n
.
H
ow
ever, in lab
o
rat
o
r
y
te
s
t
s
, it i
s
difference
s
bet
w
een the e
x
perimental value
ea
s
ier t
o
s
imulate the inten
s
it
y
o
f u
s
e b
y
m
o
ving and the predicted ranged fr
o
m 91
%
t
o
751
%
the
w
ater
s
urface at a p
o
int
.
Smedegård et al
.
f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
and fr
o
m 99
%
t
o
692
%
f
o
r
[
30
]
c
o
mpared the activit
y
c
o
efficient
s
rep
o
rt- recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
.
The be
s
t fitted t
o
e
x
peri-ed
b
y
A
SH
RA
E
[
3
]
w
ith the re
s
ult
s
o
f re
s
earch mental data gave the value
s
o
f the
w
ater
c
o
nducted in recreati
o
nal real-life facilitie
s
.
F
o
r evap
o
rati
o
n rate
s
calculated acc
o
rding t
o
1 per
s
o
n per 9 m
2
(level 6
o
f u
s
e inten
s
it
y
in the f
o
rmula
s
o
f Shah
E
quati
o
n
s
(19-21) and
thi
s
s
tud
y
) he
o
btained a
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n Sprenger
E
quati
o
n (13)
.
D
ifference
s
be-rate
fr
o
m 0
.
22
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
t
o
0
.
32
k
g·m
-2
·h
-
, t
w
een the re
s
ult
s
o
f thi
s
s
tud
y
and the pub-and f
o
r
1 per
s
o
n per 54 m
2
(level 1
o
f u
s
e li
s
hed value
s
ma
y
re
s
ult fr
o
m man
y
fact
o
r
s
, inten
s
it
y
in
thi
s
s
tud
y
) fr
o
m 0
.
17
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
t
o
s
uch a
s
the
s
cale, t
y
pe, c
o
nditi
o
n
s
and time 0
.
26
k
g·m
-
2
·h
-
.
The
s
e value
s
are larger than
o
f the
s
tud
y
and mea
s
ure apparatu
s
.
H
ow
-the re
s
ult
s
o
f
thi
s
wo
r
k.
ever, the late
s
t
s
tudie
s
are
s
imilar t
o
the calcu-
The value
s
o
f predicted
w
ater evap
o
ra-lated value
s
in thi
s
s
tud
y.
ti
o
n rate f
o
r
o
ccupied
s
p
o
rt
s
and recreati
o
n
F
igure 7 pre
s
ent
s
the value
s
o
f the evap-
p
oo
l
s
w
ere calculated u
s
ing
E
quati
o
n
s
(13-
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r the anal
y
s
ed inten
s
it
y
level
s
21)
(Table 7)
.
N
o
t all m
o
del
s
c
o
n
s
ider the
o
f u
s
e
w
ere calculated u
s
ing
E
quati
o
n
s
(16)
inten
s
it
y
level
o
f u
s
e
.
The f
o
rmula
s
publi
s
hed and (19-21)
.
b
y
Sprenger
E
quati
o
n (13), Lab
o
hm
E
qua-
ti
o
n (14),
B
e
s
ler
E
quati
o
n (15), Kappler
E
quati
o
n (17) and V
D
I
2089
E
quati
o
n (18)
e
v
ap
o
r
a
t
i
on
r
a
t
e
w
ere dedicated t
o
the de
s
igning
o
f
s
w
im-
depe
n
d
i
n
g
on
t
h
e
ming p
oo
l air c
o
nditi
o
ning
s
y
s
tem
s
.
There-
l
e
v
e
l
of
a
ct
i
v
i
ty
f
o
re, the
s
e f
o
rmula
s
give the value
s
o
f
w
ater
evap
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r the n
o
minal p
oo
l
o
ccu-
w
a
n
e
j
w
o
d
y
panc
y.
I
n the ca
s
e
o
f
B
ia
s
in and Krumme
w
z
a
l
e
ż
no
śc
i
o
d
E
quati
o
n (16) and Shah
E
quati
o
n
s
(19-21) it
p
o
z
i
o
m
u
i
n
t
e
n
syw
-
w
a
s
p
o
ss
ible t
o
calculate evap
o
rati
o
n rate
f
o
r a different number
o
f u
s
er
s
.
Table 7 pre
s
-
ent
s
the value
s
o
f the predicted
w
ater
evap
o
-
no
śc
i
u
ż
ytk
o
w
a
n
i
a
7012/2025
www.
inf
o
rmacjain
s
tal
.
c
o
m
.
pl
I
30
o
C, air temperature 32
o
C, relative air
humidit
y
50
%
)
.
–
F
o
r the
o
ccupied p
oo
l
s
in c
o
mparable
micr
o
climatic c
o
nditi
o
n
s
, the
s
e value
s
w
ere higher and
w
ere 0
.
099
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
f
o
r the
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l, and 0
.
127
k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
f
o
r the recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
.
The
s
e
w
ere the
value
s
f
o
r the n
o
minal
o
ccupanc
y
o
f the
facilit
y
–
1 per
s
o
n per 9 m
2
.
–
The relati
o
n
s
hip bet
w
een the inten
s
it
y
level
o
f u
s
e and the
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate
w
a
s
linear
.
A
n increa
s
e in the activit
y
b
y
1
level re
s
ulted in an average 7
.
6
%
increa
s
e
in
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate f
o
r
s
p
o
rt
s
p
oo
l
s
and 4
%
f
o
r recreati
o
nal p
oo
l
s
.
The c
o
mpari
s
o
n
s
h
ow
ed that the Shah’
s
m
o
del
s
have the be
s
t fit t
o
e
x
perimental data
f
o
r all t
y
pe
s
ind
oo
r
s
w
imming (un
o
ccupied/
o
ccupied) p
oo
l
s
and i
s
rec
o
mmended f
o
r de-
s
igning and
s
electi
o
n
o
f air c
o
nditi
o
ning
s
y
s
-
tem
s
in
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
.
The
w
ater evap
o
ra-
ti
o
n c
o
efficient
s
ba
s
ed
o
n lab
o
rat
o
r
y
-
s
cale
te
s
t
s
, ma
y
differ fr
o
m their value
s
in real c
o
ndi-
ti
o
n
s
.
Thi
s
i
s
due t
o
limitati
o
n
s
and
s
implifica-
ti
o
n
s
o
f the e
x
periment de
s
ign
s
tage
.
The
m
o
del d
o
e
s
n
o
t full
y
reflect the variabilit
y
o
f
micr
o
climatic c
o
nditi
o
n
s
and p
oo
l u
s
e (inten-
s
it
y
and u
s
er activit
y
), theref
o
re,
w
ater evap
o
-
rati
o
n c
o
efficient mea
s
urement
s
in
s
w
imming
p
oo
l
s
s
h
o
uld be c
o
ntinued in the future
.
·
w
bl
ph
w
b
w
p
w
expexp
·
w
pre pre
ui
a
N
o
me
n
c
l
a
t
u
r
e
g
‒
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate,
[k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
]
t
‒
temperature
o
f b
o
undar
y
la
y
er,
[
°C
]
ε‒
evap
o
rati
o
n c
o
efficient,
[k
g·m
-2
·
h
-1
·Pa
-1
]
t
‒
temperature
o
f air in hall
o
f p
oo
l,
[
°C
]
p
"
‒
w
ater vap
o
r partial pre
ss
ure at
w
ater
temperature in b
o
undar
y
la
y
er at
s
aturati
o
n
s
tate,
[
Pa
]
p
‒
atm
o
s
phere pre
ss
ure,
[
Pa
]
p
‒
w
ater vap
o
r partial pre
ss
ure at the
air temperature,
[
Pa
]
r‒
air den
s
it
y
at r
oo
m air de
w
p
o
int,
[k
g·m
-3
]
s ‒
evap
o
rati
o
n c
o
efficient,
[k
g·m
-2
·h
-1
]
r ‒
air den
s
it
y
at the temperature
o
f
w
ater
s
urface,
[k
g·m
-3
]
c
"
‒
humidit
y
c
o
ntent in b
o
undar
y
la
y
er
at
w
ater temperature,
[k
g·
k
g
-1
]
N
‒
number
o
f u
s
er
s
,
[
-
]
c
‒
humidit
y
c
o
ntent f
o
r
s
aturated air at
p
oo
l temperature,
[k
g·
k
g
-1
]
m , n
‒
c
o
efficient
s
o
f be
s
t fit line f
o
r
e
x
perimental data,
[
-
]
m
‒
ma
ss
fl
ow
rate,
[k
g·h
-1
]
m , n
‒
c
o
efficient
s
o
f be
s
t fit line f
o
r pre-
dicted data,
[
-
]
F
‒
evap
o
rati
o
n area
[
m
2
]
L
‒
inten
s
tit
y
level
o
f u
s
e,
[
-
]
v
‒
air vel
o
cit
y
,
[
m·
s
-1
]
t
‒
average air temperature,
[
°C
]
r
‒
latent heat
o
f vap
o
ri
z
ati
o
n
o
f
w
ater,
[k
J·
k
g
-1
]
t
w
‒
average
w
ater temperature,
[
°C
]
w
s
b p
t
‒
temperature
o
f
w
ater
s
urface,
[
°C
]
φ
‒
relative humidit
y
,
[
%
]
b
, K, a, L ,
k
‒
t
y
pe
o
f u
s
e
o
r u
s
e inten
s
it
y
c
o
efficient
s
,
[
-
]
R
E
F
E
R
E
N C
E
S
P
P
P
P
[
1
]
A
man
ow
ic
z
, Ł
.
;
R
atajc
z
a
k
, K
.
;
D
ud
k
ie
w
ic
z
,
E
.
R
ecent
A
dvancement
s
in Ventilati
o
n S
y
s
tem
s
U
s
ed t
o
D
ecrea
s
e
E
nerg
y
C
o
n
s
umpti
o
n in
B
uil-
ding
s
—Literature
R
evie
w.
E
nergie
s
2023, 16,
1853
.
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s
:
//d
o
i
.o
rg/10
.
3390/en16041853
[
2
]
A
s
drubali,
F
.
A
s
cale m
o
del t
o
evaluate
w
ater
evap
o
rati
o
n fr
o
m ind
oo
r
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
.
E
ner-
g
y
and
B
uilding
s
2009, 41, 311
–
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.
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s
:
//
d
o
i
.o
rg/10
.
1016/j
.
enbuild
.
2008
.
10
.
001
[
3
]
A
SH
RA
E
Handb
ook
HV
A
C
A
pplicati
o
n
s
,
A
SH
RA
E
,
A
tlanta, US
A
, 1999; pp
.
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.
[
4
]
B
e
s
ler,
G
.
Ventilati
o
n in ind
oo
r
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
.
Ciepł
ow
nict
wo
O
gr
z
e
w
nict
wo
Went
y
lacja
1972, 5, 3
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.
(in P
o
li
s
h)
[
5
]
B
ia
s
in, K
.
; Krumme W
.
Water evap
o
rati
o
n in an
ind
oo
r
s
w
imming p
oo
l
.
E
lectr
ow
ärme
I
nterna-
ti
o
nal 1974, 32(
A
3), 115
–
129
.
(
I
n
G
erman)
[
6
]
B
lá
z
que
z
, J
.
L
.
F
.
;
M
ae
s
tre,
I
.R.
;
G
aller
o
,
F
.
J
.
G
.
;
Pére
z
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o
mbard, L
.
;
B
o
ttarelli,
M
.
Ex
perimental
adju
s
tment
o
f the turbulent Schmidt number t
o
m
o
del the evap
o
rati
o
n rate
o
f
s
w
imming p
oo
l
s
in C
F
D
pr
o
gramme
s
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Ca
s
e Studie
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ngineering 2023, 41, 102665
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o
i
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ite
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Carrier, W
.
H
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o
f evap
o
rati
o
n
.
A
SHV
E
Tran
s
acti
o
n
s
1918, 24, 25
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8
]
Ciuman,
.
Ex
perimental a
ss
e
ss
ment
o
f thermal,
humidit
y
and fl
ow
c
o
nditi
o
n
s
in the ind
oo
r
s
w
imming p
oo
l
.
I
n
s
tal 2020, 4, 32-38
.
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s
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d
o
i
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6
[
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]
Ciuman,
.
; Kac
z
marc
z
yk
, J
.
Numerical
A
nal
y
-
s
i
s
o
f the
E
nerg
y
C
o
n
s
umpti
o
n
o
f Ventilati
o
n
Pr
o
ce
ss
e
s
in the Sch
oo
l S
w
imming P
oo
l
.
E
ner-
gie
s
2021, 14, 1023
.
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:
//d
o
i
.
o
rg/10
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[
10
]
Ciuman,
.
; Lip
s
k
a,
B
.
Ex
perimental validati
o
n
o
f the numerical m
o
del
o
f air, heat and m
o
i
s
ture
fl
ow
in an ind
oo
r
s
w
imming p
oo
l
.
B
uilding and
E
nvir
o
nment 2018, 145, 1
–
13
.
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s
:
//d
o
i
.
o
rg/10
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.
buildenv
.
2018
.
09
.
009
[
11
]
Ciuman,
.
; Lip
s
k
a,
B
.
; Tr
z
ecia
k
ie
w
ic
z
,
Z
.
;
B
urda,
G
.
E
ffect
o
f the air v
o
lume fl
ow
o
n ther-
mal c
o
mf
o
rt c
o
nditi
o
n
s
in the
s
ch
oo
l
s
w
iming
p
oo
l
.
I
n
s
tal 2015, 11, 54-60
.
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12
]
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ienelt, H
.
Verdun
s
tung
s
ver
s
uche an ruhenden
Wa
ss
er
o
berflächen
.
F
a
k
ultät für
M
a
s
chinenbau
der Techni
s
chen H
o
ch
s
chule Karl-
M
ar
x
-Stadt
1967
.
[
13
]
F
erenc
ow
ic
z
, J
.
Ventilati
o
n and air c
o
nditi
o
ning,
1
s
t ed
.
; PWN, War
s
a
w
, P
o
land, 1964; pp
.
668
.
(
I
n P
o
li
s
h)
[
14
]
Kappler, H
.
P
.
S
w
imming p
oo
l
s
, 1
s
t ed
.
;
A
r
k
ad
y
,
War
s
a
w
, P
o
land, 1977; pp
.
232
.
(
I
n P
o
li
s
h)
[
15
]
Kumar, P
.
; Kumar,
D.
; Panvar,
R.
E
vap
o
rati
o
n
e
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timati
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n fr
o
m climatic fact
o
r
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.
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au
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am 2016,
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o
hm,
G
.
Heating and ventilati
o
n
o
f in
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ide
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w
imming p
oo
l
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e
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undheit
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ngenieur 1971,
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]
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alic
k
i,
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.
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o
n and air c
o
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o
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s
a
w
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o
land 1974; pp
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n
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o
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s
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i
k
a-Shal
y
ha,
A.
; W
y
c
z
ar
s
k
a-K
oko
t, J
.
; Lem-
part-
R
apace
w
ic
z
,
A.
C
o
mparative anal
y
s
i
s
o
f
w
ater c
o
n
s
umpti
o
n in t
w
inned ind
o
r
s
w
imming
p
oo
l
s
in a Sile
s
ian V
o
iv
o
de
s
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o
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o
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o
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ghiman,
M
.
; J
o
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A.
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ffect
o
f air vel
o
cit
y
o
n
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n rate in ind
oo
r
s
w
imming
1
p
oo
l
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.
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.
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a
ss
tran
s
fer c
o
efficient f
o
r
w
ater evap
o
rati
o
n b
y
the
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retical and empirical
c
o
rrelati
o
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o
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y
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atajc
z
a
k.
K
.
Z
y
s
k
i
w
ilg
o
ci
z
par
ow
ania ja
ko
parameter pr
o
je
k
t
owy
in
s
ta-
lacji
w
ent
y
lacji
k
r
y
t
y
ch ba
s
en
ów
pł
yw
ac
k
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.
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i
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,
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M
.
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a
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;
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A.
V
.
M
.
;
Q
uintela,
D.A.
Wind tunnel mea
s
ure-
ment
s
and numerical
s
imulati
o
n
s
o
f
w
ater evap-
o
rati
o
n in f
o
rced c
o
nvecti
o
n airfl
ow
,
I
nt
.
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.
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o
i
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